Time-Based One-Time Passwords (TOTP) are temporary, one-time passwords generated using a shared secret and current time. Used in multi-factor authentication (MFA), TOTP enhances security by expiring within a short time window, reducing risks like credential theft and replay attacks. In Keycloak, TOTP can be configured as an additional authentication step, integrating with apps like Google…

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is a security method requiring two authentication factors: something you know (password, PIN), something you have (smartphone, token), or something you are (fingerprint, face ID). It strengthens security by adding an extra layer beyond passwords. Common methods include SMS/email codes, authenticator apps, hardware tokens, and biometrics. While 2FA uses exactly two factors,…